Key Passages & Passages Referenced in Text Notes, and Text Notes
Key and referenced passages are copied from the NIV and followed by the NKJV because of slight differences in the translations between the two translations. The NIV is both a word-for-word and thought-for-thought translation, but tends to favor thought-for-thought. The NKJV is a word-for-word translation. Text Notes are quoted from the NIV Study Bible (Zondervan, 2002).
Key Passage - Psalm 14:7; 53:6 (NIV):
6 Oh, that salvation for Israel would come out of Zion!
When God restores his people,
let Jacob rejoice and Israel be glad!
6 Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come out of Zion!
When God brings back the captivity of His people,
Let Jacob rejoice and Israel be glad.
NIV text note on Psalm 14:7:
"The psalmist longs for Israel's complete deliverance from her enemies - which will come when God deals with the wicked in defense of their victims. For a similar expansion of scope see 10:16-18 and note."
Referenced Passage - Psalm 10:16–18 (NIV):
16 The Lord is King for ever and ever;
the nations will perish from his land.
17 You, Lord, hear the desire of the afflicted;
you encourage them, and you listen to their cry,
18 defending the fatherless and the oppressed,
so that mere earthly mortals
will never again strike terror.
Referenced Passage - Psalm 10:16–18 (NKJV):
16 The Lord is King forever and ever;
The nations have perished out of His land.
17 Lord, You have heard the desire of the humble;
You will prepare their heart;
You will cause Your ear to hear,
18 To do justice to the fatherless and the oppressed,
That the man of the earth may oppress no more.
NIV text note on Psalm 10:16-18:
"The psalmist's confidence in the righteous reign of the Lord (see note on 3:8). Reference to the nations (v.16) and to the humbling of proud humans (see verse 18; see also 9:19-20) suggests links with Psalm 9. As the conclusion to Psalm 10, this stanza expands the vision of God's just rule to its universal scope and sets the purging of the Lord’s land of all nations that do not acknowledge Him (see verse 16) alongside God's judicial dealing with the wicked oppressors. Both belong to God's assertion of His righteous rule in the face of arrogant denial of it."
Referenced Passage - Psalm 3:8 (NIV):
8 From the Lord comes deliverance.
May your blessing be on your people.
Referenced Passage - Psalm 3:8 (NKJV):
8 Salvation belongs to the Lord.
Your blessing is upon Your people.
NIV text note on Psalm 3:8:
"From the Lord comes deliverance. A common feature in the prayers of the psalters is a concluding expression of confidence that the prayer will be or has been heard. Here David's confidence becomes a testimony to God's people.
May your blessing be on your people. Those anointed by God to rule in Israel stood before the heavenly King as His servants responsible for the well-being of His people."
Referenced Passage - Psalm 9:19–20 (NIV):
19 Arise, Lord, do not let mortals triumph;
let the nations be judged in your presence.
20 Strike them with terror, Lord;
let the nations know they are only mortal.
Referenced Passage- Psalm 9:4–9 (NIV): 4 For you have upheld my right and my cause,
sitting enthroned as the righteous judge.
5 You have rebuked the nations and destroyed the wicked;
you have blotted out their name for ever and ever.
6 Endless ruin has overtaken my enemies,
you have uprooted their cities;
even the memory of them has perished.
7 The Lord reigns forever;
he has established his throne for judgment.
8 He rules the world in righteousness
and judges the peoples with equity.
9 The Lord is a refuge for the oppressed,
a stronghold in times of trouble.
10 Those who know your name trust in you,
for you, Lord, have never forsaken those who seek you.
Referenced Passage - Psalm 9:4–8 (NKJV):
4 For You have maintained my right and my cause;
You sat on the throne judging in righteousness.
5 You have rebuked the nations,
You have destroyed the wicked;
You have blotted out their name forever and ever.
6 O enemy, destructions are finished forever!
And you have destroyed cities;
Even their memory has perished.
7 But the Lord shall endure forever;
He has prepared His throne for judgment.
8 He shall judge the world in righteousness,
And He shall administer judgment for the peoples in uprightness.
9 The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed,
A refuge in times of trouble.
10 And those who know Your name will put their trust in You;
For You, Lord, have not forsaken those who seek You.
Referenced Passage - Psalm 9:19–20 (NKJV):
19 Arise, O Lord,
Do not let man prevail;
Let the nations be judged in Your sight.
20 Put them in fear, O Lord,
That the nations may know themselves to be but men.
NIV text note on Psalm 9:19-20:
"A prayer at the conclusion of praise, asking that the Lord may ever rule over the nations has He has done in the event here celebrated - that those who "forgot God" (v.17) may know that they are only weak mortals, not gods, and cannot withstand the God of Israel (see 10:18)."
Key Word Definitions
Zion - Psalm 9:11 text note:
"God's heavenly throne (see verse 7) has its counterpart on earth in His temple at Jerusalem, from which center He rules the world."
Jacob... Israel - Psalm 32:28 text note:
"Your name will no longer be Jacob. Now that Jacob had acknowledged God as the source of blessing and was about to reenter the promised land, the Lord acknowledged Jacob as His servant by changing his name (see 17:5 and note). Israel. Here in Jacob/Israel, the nation of Israel got its name and characterization: the people who struggle with God (memorialized in the name Israel) and with human beings (memorialized in the name Jacob) and overcome. God later confirmed Jacob's new name (35:10)."
The apostles', whose understanding of the Scriptures were opened, defined Israel as "the Israel of God", as "one new man", as "God's chosen people", neither Jew or Gentile, who have faith in Jesus Christ and are united as one body:
The Israel of God:
Galatians 6:15–16 (NIV):
15 Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation. 16 Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule—to the Israel of God.
Galatians 6:15–16 (NKJV):
15 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision avails anything, but a new creation.16 And as many as walk according to this rule, peace and mercy be upon them, and upon the Israel of God.
Philippians 3:2–3 (NIV):
2 Watch out for those dogs, those evildoers, those mutilators of the flesh. 3 For it is we who are the circumcision, we who serve God by his Spirit, who boast in Christ Jesus, and who put no confidence in the flesh—
Philippians 3:2–3 (NKJV):
2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the mutilation! 3 For we are the circumcision, who worship God in the Spirit, rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh,
Romans 2:28–29 (NIV):
28 A person is not a Jew who is one only outwardly, nor is circumcision merely outward and physical. 29 No, a person is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a person’s praise is not from other people, but from God.
Romans 2:28–29 (NKJV):
28 For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh; 29 but he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the Spirit, not in the letter; whose praise is not from men but from God.
Galatians 3:7 (NIV): 7 Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham.
Galatians 3:7 (NKJV): 7 Therefore know that only those who are of faith are sons of Abraham.
Galatians 3:26–29 (NIV):
26 So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.
Galatians 3:26–29 (NIV):
26 So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.
One new man; God's chosen people:
Ephesians 2:11–14 (NIV):
11 Therefore, remember that formerly you who are Gentiles by birth and called “uncircumcised” by those who call themselves “the circumcision” (which is done in the body by human hands)—12 remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, excluded from citizenship in Israel and foreigners to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ.14 For he himself is our peace, who has made the two groups one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility 15 by setting aside in his flesh the law with its commands and regulations. His purpose was to create in himself one new humanity out of the two, thus making peace, 16 and in one body to reconcile both of them to God through the cross, by which he put to death their hostility. 17 He came and preached peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near. 18 For through him we both have access to the Father by one Spirit.
Ephesians 2:11–13 (NKJV):
11 Therefore remember that you, once Gentiles in the flesh—who are called Uncircumcision by what is called the Circumcision made in the flesh by hands—12 that at that time you were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For He Himself is our peace, who has made both one, and has broken down the middle wall of separation, 15 having abolished in His flesh the enmity, that is, the law of commandments contained in ordinances, so as to create in Himself one new man from the two, thus making peace, 16 and that He might reconcile them both to God in one body through the cross, thereby putting to death the enmity. 17 And He came and preached peace to you who were afar off and to those who were near. 18 For through Him we both have access by one Spirit to the Father.
Colossians 3:9–13 (NIV):
9 Do not lie to each other, since you have taken off your old self with its practices 10 and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator. 11 Here there is no Gentile or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is all, and is in all.
12 Therefore, as God’s chosen people, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience. 13 Bear with each other and forgive one another if any of you has a grievance against someone. Forgive as the Lord forgave you.14 And over all these virtues put on love, which binds them all together in perfect unity.
15 Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, since as members of one body you were called to peace. And be thankful.
Colossians 3:9–13 (NKJV):
9 Do not lie to one another, since you have put off the old man with his deeds, 10 and have put on the new man who is renewed in knowledge according to the image of Him who created him, 11 where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcised nor uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave nor free, but Christ is all and in all.
Character of the New Man
12 Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, put on tender mercies, kindness, humility, meekness, longsuffering; 13 bearing with one another, and forgiving one another, if anyone has a complaint against another; even as Christ forgave you, you must also do.14 But above all these things put on love, which is the bond of perfection. 15 And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to which also you were called in one body; and be thankful.
1 Peter 2:4–5 (NIV):
4 As you come to him, the living Stone—rejected by humans but chosen by God and precious to him—5 you also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.
1 Peter 2:4–5 (NKJV):
4 Coming to Him as to a living stone, rejected indeed by men, but chosen by God and precious, 5 you also, as living stones, are being built up a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.
1 Peter 2:9–10 (NIV):
9 But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, God’s special possession, that you may declare the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light. 10 Once you were not a people, but now you are the people of God; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy.
1 Peter 2:9–10 (NKJV):
9 But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special people, that you may proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light; 10 who once were not a people but are now the people of God, who had not obtained mercy but now have obtained mercy.
Land and Earth - AI generated response based on internet published articles on the topic:
"In the Bible, Hebrew and Greek words for “land” and “earth” are often used interchangeably, but with subtle differences in connotation. In Hebrew, אֶרֶץ (eretz) typically refers to a nation, territory, or arable land, while אֲדָמָה (adamah) can mean earth, arable ground, soil, territory, world, or underworld, depending on the context.
In Greek, γαια (gaia) and γης (ges) both translate to “earth” or “land,” but γαια often carries a broader sense of the natural world, including the sky and sea, whereas γης tends to emphasize the solid ground or soil.
Contextual Considerations
When translating the Bible, context plays a crucial role in determining whether “land” or “earth” is the more accurate choice. For example:
In Matthew 5:5, Jesus says the meek will “inherit the land” (KJV), emphasizing the idea of a specific territory or nation. Other translations may opt for “inherit the earth,” which broadens the scope to include the entire natural world.
In Matthew 6:10, the Greek phrase “epi ges” (upon the earth/land) is used, suggesting activity conducted on the surface of the earth.
Conclusion
In summary, while “land” and “earth” are often synonymous in the Bible, the choice between them depends on the specific Hebrew or Greek word used, as well as the context in which it appears. Translators may choose to use both terms to convey the nuances of the original languages, rather than relying solely on one or the other.
Jesus, the Salvation of Israel, and His Righteous Rule of the Land
Psalm 14:7; 53:6
6 Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come out of Zion!
When God brings back the captivity of His people,
Let Jacob rejoice and Israel be glad.
Psalm 10:16-18:
16 The Lord is King forever and ever;
The nations have perished out of His land.
17 Lord, You have heard the desire of the humble;
You will prepare their heart;
You will cause Your ear to hear,
18 To do justice to the fatherless and the oppressed,
That the man of the earth may oppress no more.
Psalm 9:4–8 (NKJV):
4 For You have maintained my right and my cause;
You sat on the throne judging in righteousness.
5 You have rebuked the nations,
You have destroyed the wicked;
You have blotted out their name forever and ever.
6 O enemy, destructions are finished forever!
And you have destroyed cities;
Even their memory has perished.
7 But the Lord shall endure forever;
He has prepared His throne for judgment.
8 He shall judge the world in righteousness,
And He shall administer judgment for the peoples in uprightness.
9 The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed,
A refuge in times of trouble.
10 And those who know Your name will put their trust in You;
For You, Lord, have not forsaken those who seek You.
God chose Israel as the people through whom the anointed King of His Kingdom would come. He is the promised Seed of Abraham and the blessing to the nations that was promised to him. He is the salvation of Israel that would come out of Zion! What an awesome privilege for Israel!!
They had been waiting and hoping for the King to come to restore their kingdom back to righteousness by defeating their wicked enemies. God heard the cries of His righteous and sent Jesus to deliver them. He is their salvation.
Today, we wait and hope for the King to return to destroy His enemies and complete the reconciliation of the world back to God, completing the establishment of His Kingdom. When Jesus returns, He will come on the clouds in judgment, rebuking the nations, destroying the wicked, blotting their name out forever and ever. He will give His people their inheritance, and He will reign His Kingdom of Israel in justice and righteousness forever and ever.
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